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Study of cryogenic photomultiplier tubes for the future two-phase cryogenic avalanche detector

机译:未来两相低温光电倍增管的研究   低温雪崩探测器

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摘要

We report the results of a characterization study of several types ofcryogenic photomultipliers manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics and intended foroperation in liquid Ar conditions, namely: compact 2-inch R6041-506MOD tubes,3-inch R11065-10 and R11065-MOD tubes for operation in liquid Ar and 3-inchR11410-20 tubes originally designed for operation in liquid Xe. These types ofPMT are proposed for installation into the future two-phase cryogenic avalanchedetector that is developed in the Laboratory of Cosmology and Particle Physicsof the Novosibirsk State University jointly with the Budker Institute ofNuclear Physics. Eight R11065 PMTs and seven R11410-20 tubes were tested andall demonstrated excellent performance in liquid Ar in terms of gain andrelative single electron efficiency. All 3-inch PMTs showed a maximal gain inliquid Ar above 5x10^6 and relative single electron efficiency higher than 95%.Compact R6041-506MOD tubes have dynode system different from that of the 3-inchphotomultipliers and thus their single electron energy resolution and relativeefficiency is much worse than that of 3-inch tubes. From 21 2-inch PMTs only 12tubes were selected with acceptable, i.e. higher than 75%, relative singleelectron efficiency and the maximal gain higher than 5x10^6. However, thesePMTs are very attractive because they are the only compact type of tubes thatcan operate in liquid Ar.
机译:我们报告了由Hamamatsu Photonics制造并打算在液态Ar条件下运行的几种类型的低温光电倍增管的特性研究的结果,这些紧凑型2英寸R6041-506MOD管,3英寸R11065-10和R11065-MOD管可在低温条件下运行。最初设计用于在Xe液体中运行的Ar和3英寸R11410-20液体管。提议将这些类型的PMT安装到未来的两相低温雪崩探测器中,该探测器是由新西伯利亚国立大学宇宙学和粒子物理实验室与Budker核物理研究所共同开发的。测试了八支R11065 PMT和七支R11410-20电子管,所有电子管在增益和相对单电子效率方面均表现出在液态Ar中的出色性能。所有3英寸PMT在5x10 ^ 6以上均显示出最大的液态Ar增益,相对单电子效率高于95%。紧凑型R6041-506MOD管的倍增极系统不同于3英寸光电倍增管,因此它们的单电子能量分辨率和相对效率比3英寸的管子差得多。从21英寸的2英寸PMT中,仅选择了12根可接受的电子管,即相对单电子效率高于75%,最大增益高于5x10 ^ 6。但是,这些PMT非常吸引人,因为它们是可以在液态Ar中运行的唯一紧凑型管。

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